More Than Human, Angel Divine :: Personal Narrative Art Traveling Essays

More Than Human, Angel Divine The purpose of nontextual matterwork is not a rarified, intellectual distillate--it is life, intensified, brilliant life. --Alain Arias-MissonI am a poor man and of little worth, who is laboring in that art that God has given me in rove to extend my life as long as possible. --Michelangelo Buonarroti I have been very fortunate in the past few years in that I have been able to travel abroad. I have been intrigued by Mona Lisas smile in Paris, witnessed the most artistic doodles imaginable in the Book of Kells in Dublin, and pay homage to the great souls entombed in Westminster Abbey in London. For me, some form of art seems to be packed in to every nook and cranny of European cities. scarcely the greatest art that I have been fortunate enough to witness firsthand has been in Vatican City. The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel encompassed all that I could imagine art to be breathtaking, imaginative, stirring, poignant, and heartbreaking. In essence, everything life itself can be. I had been in Italy for almost two weeks by the time I was able to visit Saint Peters basilica and the Sistine Chapel. I had spent a week in Tuscany, visiting places like Florence and Sienna, before heading to Rome. I managed to see some of the most beautiful art in the world without ever stepping into a museum. Instead, I headed into churches and piazzas and set eyes on masterpieces by the famous Italian artists whose names would be resurrected hundreds of years later as cartoon ninja fighting turtles Donatello, Leonardo, Raphael, and my favorite, Michelangelo. I saw Michelangelos David in Florence, a mass of marble beauty, ready to strike down the giant Goliath and a sign of hope and determination for the people of the city.

Superman vs Batman Essay -- essays papers

acid vs Batman Look up in the sky. Its a bird. No, its a plane. No, its Superman. No. Wait. Maybe its the Bat signal.Metropolis and Gotham city each pay their own unique super heroes that savethem daily from evil villains trying to take over the world. two superheroes have beenquite successful over the years in doing so. Batman and Superman. Two householdnames that strike fear into any evil doers heart, if they even have one. Batman andSuperman are both wonderful superheroes and they each have their own uniqueabilities. They have always come out on top whenever in a battle with an enemy. Throughout the years, however, one question remains in everyones mind thatconcerns the two. Who would win in a fight between Batman and Superman? Easyanswer, Superman.Superman, also known as the Man of Steel, is Metropolis savior. He staysundercover as a news correspondent for the day by day Planet, Clark Kent. He was sent toEarth on a meteor by his parents when his home planet was attacked. He was thenadopted by a sodbuster and his wife who found the baby boy in a field. Clark Kent was asimple person. He lived in an apartment and kept to himself and to his work. Whenever people called, Clark Kent would enter a phone booth, rip off his shirt, and flyout as Superman. Superman has the ability to fly, can carry things 10 times his weight,and isnt easily bruised. He has supersonic hearing, laser vision, and x-ray vision. Superman...

Breaking Barriers: An Intersection of the Institution and the Information Superhighway :: Essays Papers

Breaking Barriers An Intersection of the Institution and the Information SuperhighwayWhat it is all about Distance education. What is it? Barry Birnbaum has cited a executable definition for it in his book, Foundations and Practices in the Use of Distance Education. The definition is according to a study done by Moore and Kearsley in 1996. Birnbaum quotes, distance education is defined as planned learning that normally occurs in a different place and requires a well-defined system of interprety that includes modified teaching techniques, utility(a) modes for communication (i.e. computers), as well as alternative administrative and organizational components. (Birnbaum, 2001, p. 1)1 Then, again in 1996, another researcher by the name of Keegan assigned 5 criteria in his definition of distance education. These 5 criteria are a.) Separation of teacher and learner finishedout the learning process, b.) The influence of the organization in the planning and expression of learning materials, c.) The use of technical media to unite teacher and learner, d.) The role of two-way communication, and e.) The separation of the learning group during the process. (Birnbaum, 2001, p. 2)2 Bearing these two definitions in mind, let us proceed. I. How it was all started A man named Isaac Pitman started the whole concept of distance education in England around 1840.(Birnbaum, 2001, p. 10)3 He wanted to create an opportunity for state to learn shorthand that would otherwise, not be able to do so due to work constraints or other everyday obligations. According to Birnbaum, since this period of time, the prime utilization of distance education has been in the field of foreign language. However, other institutions opt to employ distance education as well. For example, the armed services defend found that technical training can be provided to a large number of military personnel in a cost-effective manner throu gh distance education course delivery modules. (Birnbaum, 2001, p. 11)4 Large corporations such as Best Buy also use e -learning in order to deliver quick, effective training to their employees in lieu of having an actual time reserved for training the employees.

social layering of victorian society :: essays research papers

Social classes have been around since the dawn of civilization where you were classified by the survival skills that you possess and your index to use them. Unfortunately also since the dawn of civilization there has been the conflict between the upper classes looking piling upon the people below them. The Victorian season was no different lifestyles were most commonly meager and those who had a more luxurious lifestyle avoided contact with the other class. The main difference between these classes is their dress. During the daytime men usually wear a lounge suit. This suit resembles what is now the three-piece suit. The lounge suit first became popular in the 1850s, it was very tremendous and baggy but developed in the 1860s to the more shtupored version. This suit was most common because of its economical price. Most often men wore this suit in plaid with just the top one of the four buttoned. Though other suits of the time had buttons covered with fabric, collectively silk, the lounge suit buttons were not. These lounge suit were day-by-day wear for the wealthier groups and those with a job did not require manual labor, for the lower class this suit was most likely their best. Evening wear, however, consisted of a black tail coat black pants and white vest or black vest. The shirt and bow tie were also white and heavily starched. A gentleman would also were white gloves coming in contact with a ladys bare detainment was considered crude not to mention the fact that the seat from a mans hands could stain a womans dress. Another thing that separated the classes is the behavior when in the ballroom and in the company of a woman.When in the ballroom men and women where to be as well behaved as possible, as is today. Men had more controlling positions than ladies and were required to escort a lady anywhere in the ballroom. It was considered taboo to be seen wandering without an escort. Other rules include the ejection of loud talking and/or laughing and also a married couple should not dance together but if they do this is a display of a husbands abundance of care for his wife. A lady furthermore, cannot refuse to dance with one gentleman and then apply another gentleman in the same dance. Men would often help a lady over a bad crossing or down from a difficult coach without even know them and continue on like nothing had happened.

Eminem :: essays research papers

For my research paper, I chose to write about Marshall Mathers. I chose to write about him because he is the best young rapper, and I analogous how he doesnt cope what happens, he retri unlessory goes with it. He isnt a very good role model, but he is funny, and couldnt care less what anybody says about him. He had a rough childhood that reflects to now, and makes great records and songs that describe his life and what has happened during it. Marshall Bruce Mathers III was born on October 17, 1974 in Kansas City, Missouri. He created his own nickname, Eminem, which is pronounced M&M, from his initials, M.M. Marshall had a harsh and cruel childhood, where he constantly moved between Kansas City and Metro Detroit. When he was a child, he lived with his mother. His mothers name is Debbie Mathers-Briggs. Eminem has never even seen a picture of his father in his life. Eminem and his mother continued moving and never stayed in one place longer than six months. His mother worked very hard and many jobs to provide for herself and Marshall. When Eminem was in school, he used to get bond up every day. There wasnt one day when he didnt get beat up by the same group of kids, just for being himself. One day those kids almost killed him, and Eminem went into a coma. The day after he got out of the hospital, they moved again. Eminem continued to move back and forth from his mothers to his grandmothers, until the board of 11, when he and his mother settled in Detroit for good. Marshall first started to get into rap when he was 14. Some of his musical influences growing up were the Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, and outpouring DMC. As Eminem persued his rapping career, he would often hustle radio stations into playing his self-made tapes, to get some publicity over the radio waves. Marshall mat up that his rapping career was starting to take off. He was getting some big calls to rap in major places and he thought everyone has started to love him. Soon, he establish the lo ve of his life, Kim. They had a baby girl together, named Hailie Jade, on December 25, 1995. Eminem decided to release his first full-length album in 1996 called Infinite. It was somewhat of an experimental thing, but the record did not sell any copies.

Eminem :: essays research papers

For my research paper, I chose to frame ab aside Marshall Mathers. I chose to write about him because he is the best young rapper, and I like how he doesnt care what happens, he just goes with it. He isnt a very good role model, but he is funny, and couldnt care less what anybody says about him. He had a rough childhood that reflects to now, and makes great records and songs that describe his intent and what has happened during it. Marshall Bruce Mathers III was born on October 17, 1974 in Kansas City, Missouri. He created his own nickname, Eminem, which is pronounced M&M, from his initials, M.M. Marshall had a harsh and cruel childhood, where he constantly moved between Kansas City and Metro Detroit. When he was a child, he lived with his mother. His mothers name is Debbie Mathers-Briggs. Eminem has never even seen a envisage of his father in his life. Eminem and his mother continued moving and never stayed in one place longer than six months. His mother worked very hard and many an(prenominal) jobs to provide for herself and Marshall. When Eminem was in school, he used to deliver beat up every day. There wasnt one day when he didnt require beat up by the same group of kids, just for being himself. One day those kids almost killed him, and Eminem went into a coma. The day after he got out of the hospital, they moved again. Eminem continued to move back and forth from his mothers to his grandmothers, until the age of 11, when he and his mother settled in Detroit for good. Marshall first started to get into rap when he was 14. Some of his musical influences growing up were the Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, and Run DMC. As Eminem persued his rapping career, he would often hustle radio stations into playing his self-made tapes, to get some publicity over the radio waves. Marshall felt that his rapping career was starting to take off. He was getting some big calls to rap in major places and he thought everyone has started to love him. Soon, he found the love of his life, Kim. They had a baby girl together, named Hailie Jade, on December 25, 1995. Eminem decided to release his first full-length album in 1996 called Infinite. It was somewhat of an experimental thing, but the record did not sell any copies.

Servicescape for Hotel

usefulness and Customer Management Final Report niggling timberland Submitted to Dr. Mohan N J Monteiro Submitted by Group 5 (Section-B) Jayakrishnan Nair N J (11023) Sourabh Rai (11053) Prasad Krishna (11094) Bhushan Atul Ashok (11131) Rishi Kumar Gandhi (11164) 1varlet Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) Table of content Introduction . 1 Po personateioning Services Competitive advantage through commercialise focus . 1 Developing an good positioning strategy .. 1 Market compend .. 1 Internal Corporate Analysis .. 1 foe Analysis .. .. 7 Ps of Service marketing for footling Woods .. 2 Managing relationship and building loyalty .. 3 Consumer Behaviour . 3 Pre-purchase constitute . 3 Service Encounter Stage . Post Purchase Stage .. 6 Three move of this script that went smoothly and conformed to our expectations 6 Three parts of this script that deviated from our expectations . 7 The Servicescapes Model- An Integrative Framework 7 Internal Responses . Environment and Cognition .. 7 Environment and feeling . 8 Environment and psychology .. 8 Service Blueprint . 9 Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) Introduction teensy-weensy Woods is iodin of the about popular eaterys on the Chamundi Hill itinerary existence realiseed by a number of people from Siddhartha Nagar and the nearby apartments. The various varieties of food items along with the lightening fast inspection and repair makes it one of the most sought after eaterys in the vicinity. Positioning Services Competitive advantage through Market focus Market focussed strategy is one of the strategies where an organisation provides a signifier of services in a limited market.When we put Little Woods on the positioning map, it comes around moderate service with moderate price. Developing an effective positioning strategy Market Analysis Location The restaurant is strategic whollyy located on the main road which leads to the Chamundi Hills. Its readily visible by anyone who travels on this road. The display boar ds on the road s ide also attract a lot of people to take note of the location of the restaurant. Composition Little Woods has had a strong competitor named Pate Bharlo (now Cafe Hotel) which used to offer both vegetarian and non-vegetarian food.Generally its found that pure vegetarians do not take to eat in a restaurant which offers both vegetarian and non-vegetarian food items. So, it can be said that the target audience of Pate Bharlo was non-vegetarian people. Inspite of such a focussed target market, Pate Bharlo eventually had to wrap up its operations due to huge losses and lack of customer base. At the same time, Little Woods performed very well and its customer base kept on increasing. This shows that most of the people in the target market be vegetarians. The a lot a restaurant offers varieties, the more(prenominal) benefits a person derives.When someone sees another variety of an item in a particular category, he tends to order of battle that item and thus derives m ore benefit. This happens in any category of food items. Hence, it s important to offer more and more variety of offerings in order to provide more benefits to the customers and obligate them in the long run. Internal Corporate Analysis One of the resource constraints of Little Woods is the office constraint. Little Woods has a limited space and hence it targets a limited segment on the basis of the geographic area in and around Siddhartha Nagar. Page Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) Competitor Analysis The founders of Little Woods withdraw a vast experience dealing with this business. They adjudge a couple of more restaurants in Mysore and this has helped them to know the savors of the people and create harmonious relations with the vege dining table vendors. Little Woods is a pure vegetarian restaurant. Hence, it has created a very much focussed market for itself where most of the people who are pure vegetarians are its customers. The other set of customers are the ones who eat both vegetarian and non-vegetarian items. Ps of Service marketing for Little Woods Product ? Core products of Little Woods are North-Indian food items, South-Indian food items, juices, ice-creams. Little Woods product includes vegetarian items ? Supplementary products include the parking facility, ambience, lighting, medical specialty etc which creates a wonderful and hassle-free experience for the customers. ? theatrical role level of the food is in par with many of the major restaurants ? Product line includes South Indian, North Indian, Beverages and snacks ? Parcel facilities are available with home rescue services provided Price They provide flexibility certain dishes are available in North Indian and South Indian tastes ? Price level of all the dishes are quite affordable ? They provide certain allowances for regular customers as well as students of institutes nearby to attract them Place ? It is on the way to Chamundi which is tourist destination thereby trying to attract devotees and other tourists ? It is a single outlet restaurant ? Since the restaurant is located in a main road it is easily accessible to general public ? It has a good parking space which makes the place suitable for travellers Promotion Word of mouth publicity is one of the most effective methods of marketing and this is the reason why it is viewed positively by the people ? The roadside boards on Chamundi Hill road and a big pennant in the Siddhartha Nagar circle are the other promotional aspects used by Little Woods People ? Little Woods provides on the job knowledge to the new employees where they are taught the intricacies of the work to be done. 2Page Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) ? ? ? Employees patiently hear any grievances by the people and get it ascertain as soon as possible in order to give the best possible service to the customers.They are fluent in Kannada and Hindi entirely they do not understand English Most of the Customers are those people who live nearby an d devotees/ travellers to Chamundi Hill. The students from nearby institute also goes there Process ? aim of customer involvement is very low as they do not provide adequate training to employees ? Flow of activities include Home delivery service, part provisions, serving in restaurant, also a provision to provide food in customers vehicles Physical Evidence ? They have employee dress polity but it is rarely followed ? They have 2 floors with closed space and an open area They provide good ambience but they do not have separate air conditioned area ? They play music in the restaurant which is melodious Managing relationship and building loyalty Little Woods offers 10% discount on the final bill for the SDMIMD students. However this is attached only when the amount exceeds Rs 200. This is offered to the other regular customers too. Consumer Behaviour Pre-purchase stage We have already visited Little Woods a number of clock since the last one year and are familiar with the qualit y of the food served over there. Most of the Wednesdays when the mess remains off, we usually go there to have a sumptuous dinner.Even this time, expecting a very delicious food, we visited this restaurant which has become one of the most popular restaurants to visit among the student community in SDMIMD. The most important factors to visit it by us are the proximity to our college and the appetizing taste as well as the wide variety of food available over there. Service Encounter Stage Customer 1. Form a group of 6 friends and arrive in the hotel 3Page Waiter Chef Cashier Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) 2. See if there is a table for 6. If not, then we ourselves pull some chairs and tables to make authorized that everyone can at together 3. Waiter comes with a glasses of water and a menu card 4. We discuss the items to be ordered ourselves 5. We call the host to place an order 6. Waiter arrived and took the order in his notebook 7. Waiter goes to the kitchen and communicates the o rder to the chef 8. Waited for 10 minutes after which we call the waiter to ask him how much more time will it take. 9. He tells us 15 minutes more, hearing which we order cold drinks. 10. He gets the cold drinks in 5 minutes. 11. after(prenominal) 10 minutes, the chef hands over our order to the waiter in a tray. 12. The waiter gets the ood for everyone to devour. 4Page Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) 13. We find out that the waiter has actually brought Chilli Paneer Dry instead of Chilli Paneer Curry and Veg Hyderabadi instead of Paneer Hyderabadi. 14. We straight forward notify the waiter about the issue and ask him to take away the items which we didnt order and ask him how much more time will it take to get the items which we had previously ordered. He tells us that we have to wait for 10 more minutes. 15. We start eating whatever items we have on the table and notice that we do not have onions, which are usually omplementary for SDM students. We call the waiter. 16. We ask for t he onions, which he promptly arrives with within 2 minutes. 17. 10 minutes had already passed and our 2 items had not yet arrived. We called the waiter again. 18. The waiter told us that we had to wait for 5 more minutes and apologised for the delay when he saw us getting irritated with the delay. 5Page Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) 19. The items surprisingly arrived within the next 2 minutes and we ate the delicious spicy food which we had been waiting for so long. 20. We ask the waiter for the bill. 21. The waiter goes to the ashier to get the bill. 22. We find out that the items which we had been mistakenly given(p) previously had also been billed and the customary discount given to the SDM students was also not included. 23. We ourselves go to the cashier and tell him the issues, which he addresses promptly. 24. We pay the bill and allow the restaurant. Post Purchase Stage Three parts of this script that went smoothly and conformed to our expectations Taste The taste definitely conformed to our pre-purchase expectations. We had visited Little Woods a number of times before and had already developed a taste for it.The taste of the food items has always been up to great standards and we have never had any deviations in the taste every time. Ambience The ambience of the restaurant is one of the best in this area. The colour scheme on the wall blends with the architecture very beautiful. Soft music is played in the background which gives us a very good feeling while eating the food. 6Page Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) passenger vehicle/Cashier Behaviour The manager was very genial and listened to our problems and straightaway corrected the bill without asking the waiter for any kind of confirmation.He trusted us and lick the issue in a jiffy. Three parts of this script that deviated from our expectations Table and Chair Arrangements We were highly disappointed that we ourselves had to arrange the tables and chairs so that all the 6 of us can sit together. E ven the waiters did not help us. They were just carrying out their usual work without even asking us if we needed any kind of help. No timely Delivery We were told initially that the food will arrive in 10 minutes. But in reality, it took almost 25 minutes for us to see the dishes on our tables. CommunicationWe sincerely feel that there existed a big gap in the communication between the different parties involved. The order which we had given was not communicated correctly with the chef by the waiter. The waiter also had not communicated well with the cashier, which is definitely the reason for the discrepancies in the bill. The Servicescapes Model- An Integrative Framework We know that employees and customers in service firms respond to dimensions of their physical surroundings cognitively, emotionally and physiologically, and that those responses are what influence their behaviours in the environment.Internal Responses ? ? ? Cognitive knowledge structure Affective feelings & emo tions Physiological- changes in Environment and Cognition The perceive servicescape may elicit cognitive responses influencing peoples flavors about a place and their beliefs about the people and products found in that place. Belief In little woods , particular environment cues such as the type of furniture in the restaurant, ambience of the restaurant, lighting of the restaurant may influence customer beliefs about little woods and then customer tries to predict the quality and price of the food. Page Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) Categorize Categorization is the process, by which we assign a label to an object perceptions of the servicescape may simply help people to distinguishing a firm by influencing a firm how it is categorized. In the resturant manufacturing a particular configuration of environmental cues suggests that fast food where generally self service system is there whereas another configuration suggests elegant sit down restaurant where you can order for the food.I n little woods we have second type of configuration in which pepole come, sit and take food. Environment and Emotion In addition to influencing cognitions, the perceived servicescape may elicit emotional responses that in turn influence behaviours. Emotion eliciting qualities of environments are captured by two dimensions pleasure and ire and degree of arousal. For example, environments that elicit feelings of pleasure are likely to be ones where people want to spend money and time, whereas unpleasant environments are avoided.In little woods we have seen that people are ready to spent money and time for the service they have in restaurant. Environment and psychology The perceived servicescape may also involve people in purely physiological ways. In a particular restaurant noise that is too loud may cause physical discomfort, the temperature of a room may cause people to shiver or perspire, the air quality may make it difficult to breathe, and the glare of lighting may lessening a bility to see and cause physical pain.All of those physical responses may in turn directly influence whether or not people stay in and enjoy a particular environment. In little woods we have seen that physical discomfort is not there. Relative comfort of sitting in a restaurant influences how long people stay. When they become uncomfortable sitting on a hard surface in a fast food restaurant, most people leave within a predictable period of time. In little woods we have seen that sitting arrangements are very good. The floor of restaurant is also is very good.In addition to directly affecting behaviour, physiological responses may influence seemingly unrelated beliefs and feelings about the place and the people there. 8Page Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) Service Blueprint Physical Evidence Arrive at the restaurant Parking area Enter the restaurant Go to the table Dining area Go through the menu Place the order Receive food Eat Receive and pay bill Leave the restaurant Customer Line of interaction _________________________________________________________________________ C o n t a c t P e r s o n Onstage) Greeted by the waiter Shown the table by the waiter Provide menu Take order Serve beverrages Serve meal Clear dishes and altercate Collect payment and return receipt Line of visibility (Backstage) Check table availability Place order in kitchen Pick up order Process payment Line of internal interaction ___________________________________________________________________________ Support Processes 9Page Prepare meal Inform waiter Final Report, Group-5(Sec-B) Service Blueprint is a technique used for service innovation. Service blueprint consists of 5 components 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Customer Actions Onstage / Visible bear on Employee Actions Backstage / Invisible Contact Employee Actions Support Processes Physical Evidence 1) The customer actions include o Entering into the restaurant o Go to the table o Review the menu o Place order o Receive food o Eat o Pay cash/chequ e o Receive change o Leave the restaurant 2) The onstage employee actions include ? Greet customer ? Show customer to table

Market Segmentation: Product Concepts

ZULQARNAIN BIN ABU HASSAN SCM 022431 REVIEW OF SEPTEMBER ISSUE When talking around mess up and match and color blocking it is normally related to the fashion world. It is also involves modeling, in terms of clothes, accessories, gadgets, men and women, and trending. There are various ways for node to get reference in fashion. Some will refer to the while other may manipulation word of mouth. However most will use fashion cartridge holder as their main reference. So just what fashion do you prefer? Mix and match? Color Blocking? Trending? There are many answers and you can make a long list if you want.Here we will focus on a September Issue documentary film about the construction of a prominent pickup in New York City, Vogue. Vogue magazine led by its editor Anna Wintour a strong influential and is supported by fashion designers all over Europe. A bit of background of the Editor. She was an ex model and is a unspokencore follower of Vogue magazine since her teens. Her father C harles Wintour, former editor of a newspaper, persuade join the Vogue magazine. In this documentary film it will highlight how a fashion magazine is being published.Publishing a magazine will involved planning the content of the magazine for each month, what message to be conveyed to the reader and followers of Vogue, and try to foreknow future fashion or trending today. The production of the magazine should always be able to communicate to the readers. It also should express its views despite the bitter outlook. This is done through pre-production. The publication of a magazine will have to looked in terms of quality and not just profit alone. In the pre-production, editor has to play a big role in ensuring that choices and decisions are made clearly.She has to understand the desires of the readers and followers of the Vogue. For September 2007 Issue, the goals is to make history by producing over 100 pages. Other factors such as fashion related activities, advertising and cover page by endorsed celebrity also plays an important role in a magazine. All the hard work is done during the pre-production. Post mortem is then conducted before they proceed to real production. As editor of Vogue magazine said in 2007 fashion is not about looking back but is about looking forward .

Defining Social Media Essay

In my opinion, social media is used to keep in touch with people, share ideas, videos, and pictures, and gain more or less knowledgeable information in networks and virtual communities. Social media is very handy when it comes to keeping in touch with long-lost friends and family members. Social media is a great resource to try things that you dont know and that allows you to become knowledgeable near things you needed to know.Article SelectedVines Biggest Teen Star Criticized for Homophobic VideoResponseMy retort to this article is that you should always watch what you put on social media because anything can be saved and it could generally be held against you depending on what the post whitethorn be about. Social media isnt always a persons best friend. You need to watch what you post especially for employer reasons. Majority of employers will go onto your Facebook summon and see what kind of a person you really are. In this certain article, Nash Grier is a very popular perso n on Vine. After he stick on the video making a homophobic slur, he did delete it because of negative comments that started to begin.The trick to this though, is that he deleted it, but someone else had already saved it and posted it again and it went viral. After that, Nash Grier did take it upon himself to apologize on Twitter saying how he was being ignorant, stupid, and how he was stuck in a bad place. He may ingest apologized, but from here on out, its possible that this discrimination will be held against him for life, due to one mistake he didnt think about before he posted it on social media.ConclusionThink before you post. You should always know that whatever you post on social media, may or may not affect you in the long run. Be smart and think about what youre posting before you actually communicate it.CitationVines Biggest Teen Star Criticized for Homophobic Video. (2014, July 8). Retrieved February 2, 2015, from http//articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-07-08/entertainm ent/sns-201407081348reedbusivarietyn1201259209-20140708_1_vine-civil-wars-social-media

Is Graffiti an Art or a Crime Essay

Through the years, people have expressed themselves in divergent ways and manners. Some have chosen photography, drawings or sculpture. Others came up with new ways like graffiti which is a new form of urban spirit that do controversial reactions. I believe that some graffiti is an graphicsistic performance because of its communicative nature, picturesque display, and creative ways. The rest of it reveals a criminal demeanour since it uses others properties without permission or find outation, harms the urban landscape, and sends negative messages.The major differences between both perceptions are the aim of the taggers and location of the tags. On the one hand, taggers have produced beautiful and expressive pieces that people appreciated. During a class trip to 5 Pointz, an outdoor art exhibit space in Long Island City, New York, where graffiti is permitted and regulated. I stood for few minutes in front of a tag of ghostly skulls surrounded by flames (The Picture).The skulls had an expression on their skinless faces that made me feel like hearing the voice of those portrayed people as if they were screaming out in pain with the sound of evil laughter in the bumground. This mixture of its beauty and livelihood made me and my classmates enjoy the experience. In addition, after admiring the excellence of the tags, I thought that those taggers must be very talented and creative to come up with such beautiful artworks, especially on those large surfaces and hard-to-reach places, bearing in mind that theyre only using spray paint.It makes you wonder how they could make all those fading modify and shades, and transform bare walls into three dimensional objects. They certainly are very creative and highly skilled. Before leaving the site, I noticed that there was a transportation corporation that actually had graffiti artists tag its wall with trucks to make it more appealing to commuters, which affirms that people do like and appreciate this art as long as it belongs where it is permitted.On the other hand, I denounce the effect that graffiti has had and continues to have on our urban landscape. Thats where it gets associated with vandalism, because instead of tagging specified places, taggers take up train cars, bridges and public walls, which make the cities look messy and hasty, forcing the authorities to spend unnecessary money to paint them over. Furthermore, most of graffiti, especially those done discretely and with no permission display gang names, obscene language and silly drawings which make many another(prenominal) people think of it as crime and violence.In McCanns fresh Let the Great World Spin, Ciaran was accompanying his brother and looked across the van window to a church, and said It was daubed in graffitiwhites, yellows, reds, silvers. TAGS 173. GRACO 76. The stained- glass windows had been broken with low-down stones. Even the cross on top was tagged. (McCann, 34). When he said that even the cross was tagged , I thought that they were making a statement that their pride and art are above religion, and thus above other peoples beliefs and feelings. Graffitists were invading every surface, including sacred and religious ones.It seemed that they hap their pleasure in what annoys and bothers their community, comely like the person who gets pleasure in consuming drugs that are poisoning his own body. They leave others clean up, deal with the trauma of property damage, and wonder wherefore their property became a target, whether it was hate and racism act, or barely a tool in somebodys careless adventure. Whereas many people find it hard to categorize graffiti, I think that the taggers are the ones who make of it an art or a crime based on their purposes and the locations they use.For instance, when I come across a tag that catches my eye, even if it is visually pleasant, it bothers me a lot to see that the tagger made it with the intent of defying the authorities, damaging public or priv ate property, or just challenging and cursing his rivals, instead of making it to express himself and display his high talent. It loses its artistic value and becomes a cheap tool for his malicious intentions. I withal believe that it depends heavily on where theyre putting up their work.If a graffitist uses the walls of my building without my permission, I would not be happy, and I certainly would not consider that as an artistic act, but as a reckless behavior showing disrespect. It is just as if someone rode your bike, without your permission, to perform some stunts and then brought it back to you and expected you to appreciate that. That is insane. Inversely, if the tagger performs on a spot where it is regulated and permitted (like the 5 Pointz site), I would get to see his pieces from a positive perspective.In conclusion, graffiti is basically an artistic performance that contains talent and aesthetic vision. It also is very expressive and meaningful. But, some taggers use i ndividuals and public properties without their permission displaying gang-like negative messages and vandalizing our urban scenery which makes many of it considered as a criminal act. What distinguishes between graffiti being art and graffiti as an act of vandalism is the intent of its producers and the spots they chose to display their pieces. As people continue to live, there will continue to be inventions of new methods of social expression.

Perry’s Dialogue

In Perrys Dialogue, he introduces three fictional characters to explore the concept of mortalal indistinguishability. This topic arises as the character, Gretchen Weirob, lays on her deathbed seeking consolation from her friend, Sam Miller, and former student, Dave Cohen, to discuss the orifice of her survival after death. Weirobs view is that people argon identified by their bodies and that their continued human race relies on the existence of their living bodies (Perry, 319).In this paper, I will argue on behalf of her viewpoint approaching personal identity through Lockes memory theory using the distinction that real memory lot only be associated with the body experiencing it. Personal identity has turn aside to be a very controversial topic in this dialogue. By the second night, it was argued to be defined uncomplete by the bodily existence nor the existence of an immaterial soul (320). Instead, identity is approached by the concept of person-stages (322).This idea implie s that a person lives in consecutive stretches of consciousness connected in a ordered manner. In this case, each stretch of consciousness indicates the all thoughts and emotions experienced by a person at a given moment in succession (322). This leads to the Memory Theory of personal identity, which Miller suggested according to his readings on Locke. It basically states that all the past events occurring in spite of appearance this stream of consciousness forms memory and our personal identity consists of the accumulation of memory that can be traced linearly through it (322).Weirob was not suit fit to find any flaws in this theory. However, many flaws would surface without the examination of what constitutes as memory? Weirob brings up the comparison of real and app arnt memory due to the possibility of deception where a person may seems to remember (323) something entirely inaccurate. veritable memory is then defined as an experience remembered by the person who was present at the time of that experience(324).Apparent memory is when some unrivalled seems to remember but was not actually present at the experience in question (324). In the end, the real remember is the ane whose memories were caused in the right kind of way (324) which direct Weirob to conclude that a person is certain sort of causal process. (324) This continued to support her printing that personal identity is coexistent with bodily persistency as all her memories were formed by the actions and brain activity of her body. With a stroke of ngenuity, Miller was able to dispute her belief that personal identity lies solely within the confines of bodily identify by stating that one can identify his/herself without examination of his or her physical body (320). He says that a person is able to wake up and realize that they are the person they were the day before, prior to opening his/her eyes. He further proves this using Kafkas Metamorphosis, which involves the instance of someone l ight up in the body of a cockroach (320). This person still maintains the sameness of person despite the difference of body.Earlier on, Weirob had brought up the case of anticipation. She had concluded that in order for her to accept the possibly of life after death, she must believe that she can exist in another form in which she would be able to anticipate the experiences of her future self and remember the experiences of her past (323). As Miller was able to dispute her belief that personal identity is only bodily identity, he then tempts her to imagine that there will be someone in the future who will remember the conversation they are having and all her past experiences.However, this fails to solace Weirob as she argues that this merely suggests the possibility of a deluded imposter harboring her memories (323). Once again the issue of real versus apparent memory detains Miller in his efforts. This led to the access of an additional restriction to Millers suggestion. To provi de the distinction between real and apparent memory, the ethereal person must now be the person who actually performed the actions that he/she remembers (323). So if Weirob can imagine such a person existence she, then the possibility of her survival is ensured.Nevertheless, this proves to be too doubtful for Weirob to accept. She argues that There is no assurance that the heavenly being will be identical to her as opposed to exactly similar(325). She says that if perfection were able to create one such being on heaven, what is to prevent him from creating two or even three? Since God is all-powerful and not limited in his abilities, he should be able to create an infinite number of Gretchen Weirobs, all of whom would hold her memories (325). These Gretchen Weirobs cannot all be her, so the possibility of her survival is once again irrational.Cohen then points out that Miller was asked only to provide the possibility of survival, so if Weriob were to imagine that God, being bene volent, choose to create only one heavenly Gretchen Weirob, then she cannot deny the possibility of her survival (325). To this Weirob replies that she cannot base her survival on such insubstantial conditions she cannot tolerate that her survival depends on the right relationship between her memory to the memory of the heavenly being as well as the lack of competition of other heavenly beings(325).She says that if there is a possibility if two heavenly Gretchen Weirobs, she would be neither of them as one cannot be identical to two then memory whole cannot provide the basis for identity. Therefore, even if there were to be only one heavenly being containing her memory, she cannot confirm that it will be identical to her (326). I agree with Weirobs belief that she will cease to exist upon the expiration of her body. From a biological point of view, there is no earthly evidence that suggest the continuation of a person after the end of his/her brain function.Like Weirob suggested, i t is her brain that involves the reposition of information including the accumulation of her memories(321). If her brain were to stop functioning, all her memories would logically be lost. Meanwhile, there is the case where the body can continue to function without support from the brain. This is commonly known as a coma, a state in which a person is without brain activity and within this state of mind that person can be pronounced legally dead by a qualified physician. Now on the topic of survival after death, the existence of a God must be involved.In this instance, the identity of a person can be suggested to continue if God were to create a heavenly being containing all of the deceased past memories. The possibility of survival through this case is disrupted as Weriob proved that these beings would be nothing more than exactly similar to her(323). She maintains that memory alone cannot ensure the essence of her personal identity, as God can create many heavenly beings contain ing her memories out of which one of them would be her (323).Her idea of bodily continuity is proven to be the only rational method to interpret her existence as her steam of consciousness containing all the memories that comprises her personal identify ends with her death. However, Weirobs belief seems to exclude those who are distorted or incapable in their ability to store memory. For example, in the case of the hypnosis mentioned in the second night, the rememberer induced to remember Weirobs memories is disrupted in his/her stream of consciousness. 323) Yet, after the removal of the trance, he/she will continue to exist as him/herself. Weirob also mentioned people who seem to remember being Napoleon losing the battle of waterloo 323). Although these poeple are visibly not Napoleon, they are also not considered to be nonexistent despite lack of personal identity. Other cases acknowledge patients of Alzheimers disease who will gradually lose all their memories or those living wi th mental illness who are under delusions of who they really are.These people are obviously experiencing inaccurate representations for their personal identity. Nevertheless, this does not prevent these individuals from existing. While it is correct that these individuals exist, I can argue that there is a distinction between presumable to exist and actually existing. Individuals suffering from delusions exist within their own mind, without relation to the their actual environment. They seem to exist, either as Napoleon or as Gretchen Weirob, in that stretch of consciousness.The mind is inarguably still a part of the body so while they may be not physically experiencing these events, their body, or more specifically their brain, is still needed for the creation of these memories. Therefore, they will follow the same laws of existence as any normal person. On the other hand, those who are suffering from Alzheimers, or any form of head trauma that forces them to lose their memories a re simultaneously losing their identity. As stretches of their streams of consciousness fade away, their personal identity diminishes until there is nothing left field to distinguish them from an empty shell, which is their body.

Response to William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience

INNOCENCE v EXPERIENCE 109 UWA 2012 William Blakes Songs of Innocence and of Experience was combined in 1794. Having compiled Songs of Innocence in 1789, Blake think that he was writing happy rhymes that all children may en triumph (Norton Anthology pg 118 footnote 1). Not all the poems bounce a happy stance, many incorporate injustice, fiendish and suffering. Blake represents these aspects of the field through the eyes of innocence. In contrary Blakes Songs of Experience were written as ugly and terrifying versions of the same world.These poems were used to reflect a ghastly representation of the world as one of poverty, disease and war. The Songs of Innocence were penned around the end of the American Revolution and the start of the French Revolution, although Blake would give birth worked on them for years prior. The Songs of Experience were etched during the middle and toward the end of the revolution and reflect how the poets view of the world had been affected and changed by the horrific events. Blakes work is a compilation of a number of songs.Although each can stand as an independent poem many from Songs of Innocence have a pair in Songs of Experience such as babe Joy Infant Sorrow, The Lamb The Tyger and The Ecchoing Green The Earths Answer. Taking Infant Joy, from Songs of Innocence, it is told from the perspective of a baby but two days old. The baby is perceived as happy and joyous through lines such as joy is my name/Sweet joy befall thee and plays on the common ideology that infants are happy and loveable.Yet, its counterpart Infant Sorrow, from Songs of Experience, still told from the perspective of the new born, presents the approximative reality of child birth My mother groand My father wept. /Into the dangerous world I leapt. The organisation of the work in this way presents two contrasting views of the world from the same perspective. I believe that the main problem that motivates Blake appears to be the comparison between child hood innocence and what we really experience in the world. The modern fancy of wearing rose tinted glasses springs to mind, in the sense that as a child we view the world as this magnificent, beautiful nd happy topographic point but as we grow and learn more about ourselves and the world our experiences begin to taint that innocent view and the world becomes ugly, harsh and cruel. The primary taper of Blakes work is to create contrast between the fanciful, innocent view of the unjust, evil and suffering world and the harsh reality that suffering, war, poverty and disease really bring. These songs would have been read to children and it can be presumed that it was Blakes attempt to teach them something about the world in which they were living through engaging their imaginations with his use of poetry.

Rhbill

lheReproductive Health Bill, informally spotn as theRH Bill, areproposed lawsin theRepublic of the Philippinesaiming to guarantee universal access to methods oncontraception,abortion, fertility control,sexual education, and maternal care. 1 There are presently two beats with the same intended goals planetary houseBill 4244 An strike Providing for a Comprehensive policy on Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health, and universe of discourse and Development, and For Other Purposes * SenateBill 2378 An Act Providing For a National Policy on Reproductive Health and Population and Development While on that point is general agreement about its provisions on maternal and tike wellness, there is great debate on its key proposal that the Philippine government and the private sector will fund and undertake widespread distribution of family be after devices such ascondoms,birth control pills(BCPs) andIUDs, as the government abides to disseminate information on their use through al l health care centers.On October 2012, a revise version of the same bill was presently re-named toResponsible Parenthood Actand was filed in theHouse of Representativesas a result of re-introducing the bill under a different impression after overwhelming opposition in the country, especially from theCatholic Bishops meeting of the Philippines23. The bill is highly divisive, with experts, academics, religious institutions, and major political figures financial plunk for and opposing it, often criticizing the government and each otherwise(a) in the process. Debates and rallies proposing and opposing the bills, with tens of thousands of opposition particularly those endorsed by thebishopsof theRoman Catholic church buildingand various other conservative groups, have been happening nationwide. Stated purposeOne of the main concerns of the bill, according to the Explanatory Note, is that the population of the Philippines makes it the 12th most populous nation in the world forthwi th, that the Filipino womens fertility rate is at the upper bracket of 206 countries. It states that studies and surveys show that the Filipinos are responsive to having smaller-sized families through free choice of family planning methods. It as well refers to studies which show that rapid population growth exacerbates poverty while poverty spawns rapid population growth. And so it aims for improved quality of life through a consistent and coherent national population policy. 4 As policy it states that the State guarantees universal access to medically-safe, legal, affordable, effective and quality reproductive health care services, methods, devices, supplies and relevant information and education thereon even as it prioritizes the needs of women and electric razorren, among other underprivileged sectors. 4 Philippine Daily Inquirer First Posted 201800 08/16/2008 Filed UnderFamily,Family planning,Laws IN THE INTEREST OF FAIR PLAY, WE ARE RUNNING TWO ARTICLES THAT HOLD views op posite of the proposed Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008. The articles featured today are in response to the two articles written by Albay Rep.Edcel Lagman, principal author of the reproductive health bill, and printed in this section on Aug. 3. Lagman? s first article highlighted the main features of the measure, while his second noted the campaign to discredit it. He claimed that the bill was not anti-life and that it would not interfere with family life, countenance abortion, promote hinderance mentality and impose a two-child policy. Lagman also claimed that Humanae Vitae was not an infallible doctrine. Besides the articles of the head of the Legal Office of the Catholic Bishops? Conference of the Philippines and of a former senator, Talk of the Town received responses from Catholic groups and individuals countering Lagman? s views. The responses came from Fr.Virgilio Delfin of the Diocese of Malaybalay, Pet Palma Dureza of Quezon City, Maria Concepcio n S. Noche of the Alliance for the Family Foundation Philippines, Jose Fernandez of the Family Life Apostolate of St. John the Baptist Parish in Taytay, Rizal, and Minyong Ordonez, a retired chair of the Paris-based Publicis Communications Group. Talk of the Town also received an e-mail from Felix Libreto, a professor at the UP Open University, and a position reputation of 26 economists from the University of the Philippines supporting the bill. Because of limited space, this section rearnot print all the reactions to Lagman? s articles. * * * Reckless and arrogant By Jo Imbong REP.EDCEL LAGMAN, THE PRINCIPAL AUTHOR OF THE proposed Reproductive Health and Population Development Act of 2008 asserts, among others, that the bill is neither antilife nor antifamily, that contraceptives are not spartan and that the bill does not impose a two-child policy. Prolife? To value human life is to view and protect life in all its seasons. ?Human life begins at fertilization.? (Records of the Constitutional Commission, Vol. IV, Sept. 18, 1986, pp. 761, 801) hence, ? the State shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unhatched from conception.? (Constitution, Article II, Section 12). Lagman said in a House hearing that the bill would protect human life ? from implantation.? By that token, the zygote not til now in the mother? s womb is not protected. Pills and the IUD hinder implantation of the embryo in the uterus, thereby precipitating the embryo? s destruction. That is abortion.And besides, ? both child needs appropriate legal protection before as well as after birth (UN Convention on the Rights of the Child). Not life-threatening? Records are rife of perforation of the uterus and serious pelvic infections in women with IUDs that public midwives have refused to extract. The Mayo Foundation found that oral contraceptives are associated with an increase take chances of breast cancer. DepoProvera increases a woman? s risk for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Oral contraceptives containing cyproterone increase risk of deep venous blood clots. Levonorgestrel is banned in this country as the Bureau of Food and Drugs found it to be abortifacient.Life-threatening ectopic pregnancies occur in mothers long after undergoing tubal ligation, particularly those sterilized before age 30. Contraceptives as essential medicines? Contraceptives do not treat any medical condition. Fertility is not a disease. It attests to health The bill targets ? the poor, needy and marginalized.? This is most unkind to them whose existing needs are jobs, skills, education, lucrative opportunities, nutrition, and essential medicines for anemia, tuberculosis, infections and childhood diseases. Remember, every citizen has the right to health (Art. II, Sec. 15), hence, the State has a duty to protect the citizens against dangerous substances (Constitution, Art. XVI, Sec. 9), and protect women in their maternal function (Art. XIII,Sec. 4). Family friendly? The ? encouragement? to have two children is manipulation both brazen and subtle. It can set the stage for a stronger application of the tribute through legislative amendments. Spouses have a basic, original, intrinsic and inviolable right ? to found a family in accordance with their religious convictions and the demands of responsible parenthood? (Art. XV, Sec. 3 1). This includes their right to progeny. The bill mocks parents with fine and imprisonment in refusing to expose their children to mandatory ? age-appropriate? reproductive health education leting Grade 5 outside the winsome confines of home and family.Vulnerable and malleable, our children will be taught ? adolescent reproductive health? and ? the full range of information on family planning methods, services and facilities? for six years. This is child abuse of the highest order. And yet, ? every child has the right to be brought up in an atmosphere of morality and rectitude for the enrichment and strengthening of his ch aracter.? (Child and Youth Welfare Code) The care and nurturance of the child reside first in the parents (Article II, Sec. 12, Constitution), whose primary function and freedom include preparation for obligations the state can neither supply nor hinder. (Brantley v. Surles, 718 F. 2d. 354,1358-59) The State did not wee-wee the family, and ? the child is not a creature of the State.? (Pierce vs. Society of Sisters, 268, U. S. 510, 535. ) That is the law of nature, and no human institution has authority to amend it. Quality of life? The bill desires to ? cop the quality of life of the people.? Population control started in 1976 ? to increase the share of each Filipino in the fruits of economic progress.? In other words to negociate poverty. Has it? The General Appropriations Act of 2008 earmarks an enormous amount for ? family planning and reproductive health services,? including contraceptives. For the Department of Health it is P3. 19 billion for Popcom P386. million, quite apart from funds for other agencies of government and local government units for the same course of studys. Add $2. 4 million from the United Nations Population Fund for population and development and reproductive health for 2008, positive $2. 2 million for 2009. Today? s average family has three children compared with seven in the ? 70s. exclusively the billions of pesos spent have not cut back poverty or benefited the poor. If Congress passes this bill, it wagers the future of the country. Citizens have a right to resist misplaced and irresponsible exercise of authority because the good of the people is the supreme law. Salus populi est suprema lex.The path of irresponsible legislation is a dreadful path If an act is made legal, it will be perceived as moral. If an act is perceived as moral, it will last a norm. If it is observed by all as a norm, then it is too late. By then, you will have changed the culture. That is not simply reckless. It is the ultimate break down of pu blic trust. (Jo Imbong, a lawyer, is the executive secretary of the Legal office of the Catholic Bishops? Conference of the Philippines and consultant to the CBCP Episcoal Commission on Family and Life. ) * * * No place for the RH bill in our law By Francisco S. Tatad THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH bill in the House of Representatives is cosmos presented as a health bill and an antipoverty bill at the same time. It is neither.It is not what its authors say it is it is everything they say it is not. It is an ideological attack on human life, the family, and our social and cultural values. The bill rests on a flawed stick in it is unnecessary, unconstitutional, oppressive of religious belief and destructive of public morals and family values. Its enactment into law will only deepen the already frightening ignorance about the documentary issues. It should be rejected. 1. Flawed premise Our population growth rate (National Statistics Office) is 2. 04 percent, total fertility rate (TFR) is 3 . 02. The CIA World Factbook has lower figures growth rate, 1. 728 percent TFR, 3. 00. Our population constriction is 277 per square km.GDP per capita (PPP) is $3,400. Fifty other countries have a much lower density, yet their per capita is also much lower. Thirty-six countries are more densely populated, yet their GDP per capita is also much higher. Are the few then always richer, the many always poorer? Not at all. Our median age is 23 years. In 139 other countries it is as high as 45. 5 years (Monaco). This means a Filipino has more productive years ahead of him than his counterpart in the rich countries where the graying and dying population is no longer being replaced because of negative birth rates. Our long-term future is bright, because of a vibrant and dynamic population. 2. UnnecessaryWomen who say they should be free to contracept (regardless of what the moral law or science says) are not being prevented from doing so, as witness the 50-percent contraceptive prevalence rate. It is a free market. But as we are not a welfare state, taxpayers have no duty to provide the contraceptives to try and cure pregnancy, which is not a disease. The State? s duty is to protect women from real diseases. At least 80 women die every day from heart diseases, 63 from vascular diseases, 51 from cancer, 45 from pneumonia, 23 from tuberculosis, 22 from diabetes 16 from lower chronic respiratory diseases. wherefore are our lawmakers not demanding free medicines and services for all those afflicted?Indeed, maternal death could be brought down to zero just by providing adequate basic and emergency obstetrics-care facilities and skilled medical services to women. The local officials of Gattaran, Cagayan and Sorsogon City have shown this. Why do our lawmakers insist on stuffing our women with contraceptives and abortifacients instead? In 2005, the cancer research arm of the World Health Organization concluded that oral contraceptives cause breast, colored and cervical can cer. Shouldn? t our lawmakers demand that contraceptives be banned or at least labeled as ? cancer-causing,? or ? dangerous to women? s health Why do they want them classified as ? essential medicines? instead? 3. Unconstitutional a. ) The Philippines is a democratic and republican State.Yet the bill seems to assume we are a centrally planned economy or a totalitarian State, which controls the private lives of its citizens. Truth is, there are certain activities of man as man where the individual is entirely autonomous from the State. Just as the State whitethorn not ensure a politician or a journalist how or when to think, write or speak, it may not enter the bedroom and tell married couples how or when to practice marital love. b. ) Article II, Section 12 of the Constitution says ? The State recognizes the holiness of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception.The inwrought and primary right and duty of parents in the rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the support of the Government.? The use of ? sanctity? makes State obedience to God? s laws not only a solemn teaching of the Church, but also an express constitutional mandate. Now, when the State binds itself to ? equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception,? it necessarily binds itself not to do anything to prevent even one married woman from conceiving. A state-funded contraceptive program is an abomination. 4. Oppressive of religious belief The bill seeks to tell the Catholic majority not to listen to the Church and to listen to anti-Catholic politicians instead.It seeks to establish a program which Catholic taxpayers will fund in order to attack a doctrine of their faith. Is there a worse despotism? Would the same people do the same thing to the followers of Is lam or some politically active religious pressure group? The pro-RH lobby claims surveys have shown that most Catholic women want to use contraception, regardless of what the Church says about it. It is a desperate attempt to show that right or wrong can now be reduced to what you like or dislike. The truth is never the result of surveys. Contraception is wrong not because the Church has banned it the Church has banned it because it is wrong. No amount of surveys can change that. 5. Destructive of public moralsThe bill seeks to impose a hedonistic sex-oriented lifestyle that aims to reduce the conjugal act to a mere exchange of forcible sensations between two individuals and marriage to a purely contraceptive partnership. Not only is it hedonistic, it is above all eugenicist. It seeks to eliminate the poor and the ? socially unfit.? While it neither mandates a two-child family nor legalizes abortion, it prepares the ground for both. In 1974, the US National Security Study Memorandu m 200, titled ? Implications of Worldwide Population Growth for US Security and oversea Interests,? launched the two-child family as a global population policy to be achieved by 2000.But ? no country has reduced its population growth without resorting to abortion,? said that document. Now you know what? s next, and where it? s all coming from. MANILA, PhilippinesHundreds of people, some arriving in private vehicles and others on foot, gathered outside the Edsa Shrine at a usually suburban Manila intersection Saturday for what church leaders had described as a massive prayer rally to show Congress most Filipinos were against the reproductive health bill pending in legislature for years. Many of the de voter turnoutd, who braved intermittent rains and occasional winds, stood under umbrellas as they waited for the rally to get underway.Bishop Gabriel Reyes, chair of the Episcopal Commission on Family and Life of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, was spotted in the ar ea. So was Father Melvin Castro, the commissions executive secretary. Maribel Descallar, operations director of the commission, said the program was to start at 100 p. m. Senior Superintendent Antonio Gumiran, deputy district director for operations, told the Inquirer they expected a crowd of at least 3,000 people. Organizers said Friday they were expecting up to 50,000 people at the rally. Gumiran refused to say how many policemen were deployed in the area but only a few were visible to an inquirer reporter toward noon Saturday.The Catholic Church has started to bring out the big guns in its campaign against the reproductive health (RH) bill. Manila Archbishop Luis Antonio Tagle on Thursday issued a circular urging the faithful to converge at the Edsa Shrine on Saturday for a Mass and rally against the bill. Relying on the power of prayer and the necessity of informed awareness, we will gather in concert to be informed, enlightened and emboldened once more. We also wish to express why we believe the reproductive health bill is not the solution to our many problems as individuals and as a country as it will even give rise to many other problems more pernicious and pervasive than the ones we see in the present, Tagle said. I enjoin all parish priests and leaders of communities and lay hold outments to rally their members and endorse participation in this important gathering aimed at communicating a strong and sincere appeal to the goodwill of our legislators, Tagle said in his letter. The prayer rally will be a show of force for the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) after President Benigno Aquino in his State of the Nation Address (Sona) last week urged the swift passage of the bill, which would provide universal access and information on natural and modern family methods and reduce the number of mothers and babies dying during childbirth. On August 7, the House will vote on whether to wrap up debate and move the bill forward. CBCP officia ls said they would have a vigil at the House on the eve of the vote and that mass actions would also be held in other dioceses. Time for a votePresident Aquino said Thursday it was time to put the bill to a vote. I hope that the point when we need to vote comes. Otherwise, Congress may have already adjourned and were still in the period of debate so we wont know what the people want. Perhaps the debate should be wrapped up, and we should make a decision on this so-called responsible parenthood bill once and for all, Mr. Aquino told reporters in an ambush interview. On the anti-RH rally, Mr. Aquino said Were all prolife, arent we? We want an improved quality of life for our countrymen. So that is their right and Im sure they will not endeavor to do anything against the law. So we will secure this rally if it pushes through. Malacanang on Thursday also shrugged off an announcement that former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who is now a Pampanga representative, will vote against th e measure and that seven of her allies had withdrawn sponsorship of the measure. Communications Secretary Ricky Carandang said that Arroyo and Catholic bishops have been vocal about their opposition to the bill. He said the Churchs invitation to her to join the anti-RH rally should not be given political meaning. Arroyo was freed last week from eight months of hospital arrest after posting hamper on election sabotage charges against her. I would not want to speak on behalf of the bishops about whether or not this is leading to some kind of support for the former President.This is a measure that should not be viewed in stark political terms because it actually got societal implications, he said in a briefing. Not Aquino-Arroyo showdown A vote on the bill should not be seen as a showdown between Mr. Aquino, the bills straits campaigner, and Arroyo, Carandang said. Its an important measure and were not viewing it in terms of partisan politics. Its something that we feel is long overd ue. It needs to be done, and were doing it in that context. I understand that there are observers who are viewing this (showdown) in that way, but were simply looking at it right now as a measure that has oppositors, that needs to go through the process and well leave it at that, he said.Carandang said Malacanang respected the withdrawal of support by some lawmakers, but did not view the entire anti-RH bill campaign as Arroyos effort. We respect the democratic space in which the debate is being undertaken. At the same time, we hope that our friends in Congress will see the wisdom of this measure, he added. While Catholic bishops have counted 140 lawmakers as hostile to the measure based on survey and public consultations, Carandang said it was too early to tell whether the administration had the numbers to defeat them. You can never tell until the vote is there. But we are confident that we have support, he said. Were hoping that those of us who are on the administrations side wil l continue to support this effort.

Custom as a Source of Law

creep The following article tries to establish the fact that the finds atomic number 18 the most primal cite of fair play. It defines tradition-made and gives information ab discover its types and what be the requisite of a effectual tailor-made, how argon they recognised and why argon they acknowledge? In ancient age the ordinary rights were the only im crashialitys as they were approach patternd by the people. With the enact manpowert of quantify and modernization of order the customary laws are seen as orthodox laws and are fast receding to the statutory laws, tho still the laws that are passed by the parliament has its root in the customary laws foliate Electronic copy available at http//ssrn. com/abstract=1958646 Custom occupies an important role in dominion of human conduct in almost all the societies. In fact it is one of the oldest sources of law making, though only a few people are probably to concur with the classical Greek poet Pindars maxim, Cu stom is the king of all. A custom may be defined as a continuing course of conduct which by the acquiescence of express approval of the community observing it, has advance to be regarded as fixing the norm of conduct for members of society 1.At its inception the English common law derived all its rules from a single source. Sir Carleten Kemp Allen notes 2 Blackstones general customs and customs of the realm are those unplumbed principles in sanctioned relationship which for the most part are not to be found in any express formulation, but are assumed to be inherent in our social arrangements. These are, in short, the common law itself . Salmond is of the opinion that custom embodies those principles which are acknowledged and approved, not by the power of the aro affair but by the public opinion of the society at large.Thus he states custom is the embodiment of those principles which endure commanded themselves to the national conscience as principles of justice and public ut ility 3. Jhon Austin was of the view that no folkway regardless of the fact how respected it is or how much is it followed can influence the law. He was of the view that only those conventions and folkways recognized by the sovereign by agency of just ab place juridic act or legislative disposition dexterity be certified as a customary source of law. Kinds of Custom 1. Conventional customIt is an formal practice whose authority is conditional based on its acceptance and incorporation between the parties bound by it. When twain parties enter into a contract generally all the terms of the contract are not set up expressly and a large part of it is implied. The intention of the parties entering into an agreement can be poised by the customary law prevalent at that time The convention custom has three stages of development. In the first stage it should befuddle attained the status of usage. In the second stage it gets recognition through some judicial decision, and presumes th e form of a precedent.After this it is finally accepted as a statutory law. 1 Dias & Hughes Jurisprudence,(1957) p. 34 2 Allen C. K. Law in the making 3 Fitzgerald P. J. Salmond on jurisprudence 2 paginate Electronic copy available at http//ssrn. com/abstract=1958646 The first section of the Indian contract act, 1872 recognizes the customs that are prevalent in the trade Legal Custom These are those which are operative per se as binding rules of law independent of any agreement between the parties. These, are of devil types 3 Local CustomHalsburys defined local custom as a particular rule that has existed real or presumptively from time immemorial and has obtained the force of law in a particular neck of the woods although contrary to or not consistent with the common law of the realm. 4 So it can be said that a local custom prevails in a small locality. Bigamy in India is allowed in some tribal parts on account of the local custom prevalent at those places. General Custom A general custom prevails throughout the country and is the main source of the common law of the country.The custom of prohibiting the remarriage of widow in most of the communities of India, before its abolition was a general custom in the country. A general custom is prevalent is usually unspoiled by all the people living in the country, and is practiced throughout the land. There were many customs but it is not necessary that all are the customs are accepted. For the customs to be accepted as a valid customs it should swallow some requisite characteristics 1. Reasonableness A custom must be reasonable.It must be understood that the authority of any custom is neer absolute, but it is authoritative provided it confers to the norms of justice and public utility. A custom shall not be valid if it is repugnant to right and reason and is like to do more wrong than good if enforced. The true rule seems to be not that a custom to be admitted if reasonable but that it will be admitte d unless it is unreasonable. The custom of recognizing the channel of the river or the stream as the boundary between two villages irrespective of the change in the path cannot be said as unreasonable and hence it was held as a valid custom 5. Halsbury Laws of England, Vol. X. p. 2 5 Ram Dhan Lal v. Radhey Shyam, 1951 SCR 370 3Page 2. Consistency A custom to be valid must be in conformity with statutory law. In some other words it must not be against any act of Parliament. A custom should necessarily collapse where it is against any law, but in many cases there can be some exception to the law or some modifications can be made to it due to any custom. 3. Compulsory observance A custom to be legally recognized as a valid custom must be observed as a right.It means the custom should be followed by all concerned without the use of force. It must be regarded not only an optional rule but as an obligatory rule or binding rule of conduct. If a custom is left to the choice of the individ uals, then it is not a costmary law. If the observance of a custom is suspended for certain time than it is assumed that the custom was never in existence 6. 4. Continuity and immemorial Antiquity A custom to be valid should gather in been in existence from time immemorial.To quote Blackstone A custom in order to be legal and binding, must have been used so long that the memory of man runneth not to the contrary, if anyone can showing the beginning of it, it is no good custom 7 English law has made an arbitrary set up to the legal memory. It has been fixed as 1189 A. D. the year of accession of King Richard 1 to the throne which means, if any custom has its roots back to 1189 AD or backwards would be regarded as a valid custom. This time limit was applied in the case of Simpsons v. Wells 8. However in India the limit of 1189 A. D. is not valid 9.In India no definite year has been laid down to determine the antiquity of a custom. It need not to be beyond human memory 10. 5. Certa inty Not only a custom should be practiced from time immemorial but, it should in like manner be observed continuously and uninterruptedly with certainty. A custom cannot said to be valid from time immemorial unless its certainty and continuity is proved beyond doubt. Theories regarding transmutation of custom into law Customary law has not only been established by legislatures or professionally trained judges, but it has come into existence be fountain of popular acceptance and practice.There are two popular theories in this regard (1) Historical theory and, (2) Analytical theory 6. Hamperton v. Hono, (1876) 24 WR 603 7. Blackstone Commentaries, p. 76 8. (1872) 7 QB 214 9. Gokul Chandra v. Praveen Kumari, AIR 1952 SC 926 10. Mst. Subbhani v. Nawab, ILR 1947 PC 21 4Page 1. Historical Theory The main components of the historical theory school, namely, Savigny, Blackstone and hydrogen Maine have suggested that law has its existence because of the common consciousness of the people and the customary observance is not the cause of law but the evidence of its existence.Savigny observed, customary laws completely modify or repeal a principle it may create a new law and substitute it for statutory rule which it has abolished. Maine regarded custom as formal source of law. James Carter also supports historical view and is of the opinion that What has governed the conduct of men from the beginning of time will continue to govern to the end of time. Human genius is not likely to undergo radical change and law will forever continue to be custom11. reflection Dr.Allen points out that all the customs cannot be contributed to the common consciousness of the people. For instance, a ruling class sort of often imposes custom on the governed. It does so for its own interests rather than the interest of the people. The customs in India such(prenominal) as untouchability cannot be contributed to any kind of common consciousness. Therefore any custom cannot be a source of l aw it should not be again public sentiments. 2. Analytical Theory The main booster rocket of analytical theory is John Austin who regarded custom as a historical material source.He points out that custom derives its binding force not from its own nature but by state legislation. It means custom becomes a law when it is adopted by an act of parliament or its validity has been established by any judicial decision. He further states that custom only has persuasive value. Customary practices have to be recognized by court before it can become law. Being of persuasive nature it is recognized as historical material source of law. Austin thus concludes that Customary law is nada but judicial law founded upon anterior system. 2 Criticism Dr. Allen has criticized Austinian theory of customary law and pointed out that the fallacy of the Austinian doctrine is in supporting that custom is not law until it has been so pronounced by a court. He observed that the truth is exactly the reverse of it. According to him, custom is firstly and fundamentally a law. Custom is enforced by courts because it is already a law, it does not become a law only on enforcement of court. 13 11 Carter James Law, its Origin, Growth & Function, p. 20 12 Austin responsibleness of Jurisprudence, (1945) p. 165 13 Allen C. K. Law in the making, pp 84 5Page CONCLUSION Of all the different sources of law The Customary Laws are definitely the most significant source of law. In the ancient days in the absence of any legislative laws the customary laws were only the prevalent law. These are very important as these are already followed by the people and it is the very reason why many of the customary laws are even recognized today. These customary laws had the approval of the public opinion.There is no doubt that with the development of the judicial process and with the modernization of the society, the importance of custom is receding. When states came into existence they immediately gave recognition to the customs prevailing at that time and thus they were recognized as valid laws. But with time customary laws have receded to the statutory laws. The laws relating to sale of goods, inheritance of property, succession, property, contract, sale of goods etc. have all evolved from the customary laws. The codified Hindu laws are nothing but the codification of the prevalent customary laws with some exceptions.It would be wrong on the part of any one to say that the customary laws need recognition from the court. The customary laws are always recognized since they are always in practice. Most of the customary laws that were just in nature and were good for the society have been recognized by the parliament or the court. These laws can be sometimes invalidated if it appears that these are against the public policy and justice. One of the most important reasons why the customs are important source of law is that it that it is highly practiced in the society.So, if any new law is made that is contrary to the practiced customs and traditions, will not be accepted by the society. This may lead to chaos and anarchy in the society. So any law that is passed takes into consideration the customs and traditions prevalent in the society at that time. The state by its legislation only validates the existing customs. It may in some exceptional cases also modify or nullify some of the customs if it is for the welfare of most of the people of the society. So in this way the state makes laws mainly based on the customs that are good for the society 6Page

Vision For The English Uplands In 2050 Environmental Sciences Essay

Introducing the position highlands. The English highlands ( telephone number 1 ) are seat to over 800,000 people in rural countries and 1.2 million in more urban countries ( CRC, 2010 ) . The landscape reflects centuries of human focussing in the past and is maintained by move stewardship, incorporating extremely valued and finded countries with a wealth of ethnic and natural assets that provide a wealth of jeopardize and potency ( CRC, 2010 ) . Despite this, most of the highlands are designated by the European Commission as Badly disfavor Areas ( SDAs ) or Less Favoured Areas ( LFAs ) ( direct 2 ) , due to their low agriethnical potency ( CRC, 2010 ) . It has been suggested that this may wrongly act upon determinations associating to the English highlands ( CRC, 2010 ) .The frugal system and landscape of the highlands is itemly delicate in the current economic clime ( Butterworth, 2011 ) , which go off take to the loss of important topical anesthetic employers ( CRC, 2010 ) . However, the highlands have the potency to back up a young economic system and low C hereafter by the coevals of worthful public goods and market merchandises ( CRC, 2010 ) . Whilst there is grounds of concern enterprise, closeeavor and energy, endeavor is limited by a couple of(prenominal) date chances, peculiarly in more distant countries, and those that exist are frequently low open and seasonal ( CRC, 2010 ) . The bulk of people in the highlands are employed in touristry related industries, sweeping, sell and fabrication ( CRC, 2010 ) . Land based employment makes up 5.2 % of highland subjecters ( CRC, 2010 ) .Figure 1 Map of England to stage SDAs and LFDs ( CRC, 2010 ) .Land usage industries in the highlandsLand uses in the highlands can do struggle, entirely frequently can be in harmoniousness with each other.One manner to place utilizations of English highlands is to split them into purveying, modulating and cultural services ( CRC, 2010 ) . In this manner, it becomes easier to place struggles and countries of complementarity.ProvisioningRegulatingCulturalFood ( spring up animal )Climate principleTourismTimberAir quality ruleDiversion e.g. walking, field athleticssMineralsWater quality ordinanceAestheticssEnergyFlood hazard legal lodgeCultural heritageFresh water systemWildfire hazard barBiodiversityWater, clime alteration and floriculture patterns70 % of the UK s imbibing H2O is sourced from the highlands ( CRC, 2010 ) . The UKPC ( 2010 ) undertaking that the Lowlandss will go hotter and desiccant and hence the highlands may go an even more of import H2O first ( essential England, 2009 ) . Land steerage in the highlands importantly impacts river flows and rising tide hazards ( CRC, 2010 ) . Climate alteration is projected to increase inundation hazard in the hereafter ( CRC, 2010 ) .A turning job is brown H2O from peat dirts, which poses a take exception to imbibing H2O proviso in the highlands ( CRC, 2010 ) in fact H2O is going browner in numerous highland countries ( lifelike England, 2009 ) . Removing coloring material is expensive and uses important sums of energy and chemicals which produce a gook byproduct ( instinctive England, 2009 ) . Soil compression caused by croping farm animal, blocked drains on peat dirts and remotion of scouring and trees can do reduced absorbancy of H2O catchments ( Natural England, 2009 ) .Farming and the environmentFarming in the uplands consists princip whollyy of farm animal gardening 44 % of engendering Ewe and 30 % of beef cattles are farmed in the English highlands ( CRC, 2010 ) . mountainous farms are frequently particularly vulnerable to form _or_ system of government reform and economic alteration ( National Trust, 2011 ) . It has been suggested that 1000s of occupations search on highland agriculture, for illustration the highlands in Yorkshire provide 34,000 occupations in agribusiness and touristry, supplying ?1.8bn in earn revenues ( Butterwo rth, 2011 ) . The CRC ( 2010 ) studies that many highland husbandmans are disquieted ab proscribed the economic impacts of future CAP reforms. Butterworth ( 2011 ) argues that farming in the highlands must be earnestly considered in current CAP dialogues to safeguard the hereafter of highland agriculture. interior(prenominal) animate cosmos farming for alimentary is extremely carbon intensifier and contributed about 18 % to anthropogenic clime alteration in 2006 ( CIWF, 2009 and FAO, 2006 ) . With universe meat ingestion projected to increase from 229m metric slews in 2001 to 465m metric tons by 2050 ( FAO, 2006 ) , stairss acquire to be taken to cut down this end product. Hotter drier summers may take to decreased handiness of feedcrops and H2O for domestic animate being agriculture ( CIWF, 2009 ) . An increasing population may take to less land handiness, as infinite to farm farm animal and turn their nutrient competes with infinite to construct houses, in full treatment wo ods and farm harvests and biofuel ( CIWF, 2009 ) .Livestock agriculture has declined due to the de-coupling of payments from production, the impacts of Foot and Mouth and de-stocking as a consequence of Single Farm Payment and to fertilize into environmental demands in order to have subsidies from understandings such as the Higher Level Stewardship ( HLS ) strategy and Uplands opening Level Scheme ( UELS ) ( which are frequently indispensable for endurance of farm concerns ) . This is an country of struggle conservationists advance de-stocking to cut down overgrazing and protect home grounds, whereas hill husbandmans believe the pattern is misguided as it undermines traditionalistic hill farming patterns ( CRC, 2010 ) . Many perceive de-stocking determinations to be non-participatory, top-down and ignorant of local cognition ( CRC, 2010 ) .Farmers tang that the bulk of parks are presently over or under-grazed due to inadequate guidelines ( FCC, 2010 ) . Overgrazing can do dirt erosion, release of C memorys and altered river flow and deepness ( Defra, 2010 ) . Some of this is due to overgrazing of globally one-time(a) ski binding slow down, which is protected by UKBAP position and active cover bog is included in the EC Habitats and Species Directive ( Defra, 2010 ) . Blanket bog presently covers 4 % of England and supports works species such as ling ( genus Calluna vulgaris ) cross-leaved heath ( Erica tetralix ) and the Sphagnum species, which vary regionally ( Defra, 2010 ) . Animal species found here include the nifty xanthous humblebee ( Bombus distinguendus ) , dragonfly gatherings and the inter topicly protected gilt plover ( Pluvialis apricaris ) ( Defra, 2010 ) . Blanket bog is England s largest C shop with about 300 million metric tons of CO2 being stored ( Defra, 2010 ) , there is 15,890ha of cover bog in the Peak District National Park entirely ( Moors for the Future, 2007 ) . Defra ( 2010 ) suggests that overgrazing, dominate outing an d firing in the highlands has resulted in 381,000 metric tons of C to be released yearly. Carbon released from cover bog could go an even more important issue in the hereafter, as the hotter summers and heater winters and alterations in precipitation projected for the hereafter ( UKCP, 2010 ) could alter peatlands from a C sink into a C beginning ( CRC, 2010 ) .Forestry and deliveryWoodland and woodwindry makes up 12 % of the highlands, which is largely managed by The Forestry Commission ( CRC, 2010 ) . Positive environmental benefits provided by tree planting in the highlands include renewable energy production, reduced dirt eroding, modify C segregation, reduced flooding hazards and improved H2O quality ( CRC, 2010 ) . Other benefits include the creative activity of employment from bio-energy strategies ( CRC, 2010 ) . At present clip it is ill-defined what the national guiding scheme for forestry is, as an independent panel is being established to see future forestry policy ( Spelman, 2011 ) .Diversion, preservation and agriculture patternsDiversion in the highlands includes exterior escapade, game shot ( CRC, 2010 ) and hill walking ( Natural England, 2009 ) . Around 40 million people prognosticate National Parks in the English Uplands yearly, passing about ?1.78bn ( CRC, 2010 ) . English highlands contain 86 % of undefended entree land in England ( CRC, 2010 ) . One ground for this may be that National Parks and Areas of smashing Natural Beauty ( AONBs ) make up 75 % of the highlands and 53 % of England s Sites of Special Scientific interest ( SSSIs ) are situated at that place ( CRC, 2010 ) .Historic characteristics in the uplands face menaces from overgrazing and dirt compression, undergrazing and chaparral and brake invasion, and hapless pleader of the historic environment for biodiversity and other ecosystem services ( Natural England, 2009 ) . It is frequently voluntary administrations that affiance in custodies on preservation and protec tion of the environment and heritage characteristics and supply amateurish and educational activities ( CRC, 2010 ) , which has a positive impact on the touristry industry, as it is the beautiful environment and cultural heritage that tourists visit the highlands to see.The impacts of touristry on the environment in the uplands include increased fire hazard, dirt and pathway eroding which causes increased C loss from dirt and increased C emanations from private conveyance for illustration 93 % of all Lake District tourers travel by auto ( Natural England, 2009 ) . However, these issues can supply an chance for community coherence for illustration voluntaries in the Lake District are presently transporting out footpath Restoration work ( Natural England, 2009 ) .5.5 % of English highlands is covered by heather moorland, some of which is managed for fowl ( Moors for the Future, 2007 ) . Grouse hiting for diversion has existed in the northeasterlyern highlands for over 150 old age s ( Natural England, 2009 ) . Moors for the Future ( 2007 ) suggest that long-run grouse direction has changed cover bogs into heather moorland. Natural England suggests that merely 14 % of moorland SSSIs in England are in approving status due to overgrazing and inappropriate combustion ( Moors for the Future, 2007 ) . Controlled combustion has been increasing over the last 30 old ages ( Yallop, 2006 ) . Appropriate combustion can better biodiversity by making a wider scope of home ground, for illustration, the aureate plover prefers short flora ( Moors for the Future, 2007 ) and moorland direction for grouse has expanded their scope ( Game & A Wildlife preservation Trust, 2011 ) . However, this disadvantages other species, for illustration those that require tall ling ( Moors for the Future, 2007 ) . Traditional methods of firing rhythms have caused struggle, for illustration in 2003 English Nature blamed grouse directors for irresponsible moorland combustion in a particular prot ection country ( BBC News, 2003 ) . Regular burn rhythms cut down wildfire hazard by cut belt down the sum of old ling ( fuel ) ( Moors for the Future, 2007 ) . Therefore, appropriate combustion may be an of import direction technique in the hotter, drier summers of the hereafter projected by the UKCP ( UKCP, 2010 ) .In 1992-1997 the joint bird of quarry survey took topographic point in Langholm, Scotland ( Langholm Moor Demonstration Project, 2011 ) . The intent of the survey was to happen out the effects of non pull offing moorland for grouse ( Bellamy, 2005 ) . The consequences showed that biddy harrier Numberss increased significantly ( construe 3 ) , a brace of mobile falcons moved into the country and all moorland bird, including grouse, Numberss decreased significantly ( Bellamy, 2005 and Langholm Moor Demonstration Project, 2011 ) . The survey compared Langholm to nearby managed Moors and found that the Langholm grouse population failed to retrieve from the parasitic dis order Strongylosis during the Joint Raptor Study when biddy harasser Numberss had increased, whereas they recovered good in the nearby managed Moors ( figure 4 ) . Four old ages after the survey, hen harrier Numberss had decreased to two braces ( figure 3 ) due to reduced quarry ( Bellamy, 2005 ) . This had a negative impact non merely on wildlife preservation, but on touristry and diversion excessively, which in bend negatively impacted local concerns such as stores and hotels that had antecedently received good income from taws and bird spectators ( Bellamy, 2005 ) .Figure 2 The ruddy line shows Numberss of engendering biddy harasser braces at Langholm and the leafy vegetable saloon chart shows the figure of biddy harasser cheques at Langholm ( right on axis ) ( hypertext impartation protocol //www.langholmproject.com/raptors.html ) .Figure 4 Number of grouse shooting at Langholm ( green ) compared to two nearby Moors ( brown and Grey ) . The cyclic alterations reflect periodi c parasitic disease Strongylosis ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.langholmproject.com/grouse.html ) .The Joint Raptor Study suggests that responsible grouse direction does non conflict with bird preservation and can really be good ( Bellamy, 2005 ) . Unfortunately, struggles still exist and some people regard the tearing death of grouse for athletics as inhumane. However, Bellamy ( 2005 ) argues that possibly it is better to hold free scope grouse who are killed immediately than utilizing the land for big farm animal farms where the animate beings have a decreased quality of life.An illustration of diversion, farming and preservation bing in harmoniousness occurs at the 5,500ha Bolton Abbey Estate in North Yorkshire, where managed ling Moors are classed as a SSSI, a European Special Area of Conservation for its works communities and European Special Protection Area for its bird population ( Natural England, 2009 ) . The land supports and provides grouse shot, recreational walkin g, educational visits, farm animal graze, heather honey production, sustainable forest, rich biodiversity and a C shop in the peat dirts ( Natural England, 2009 ) .The Vision in 2050The highlands are considered to be a national plus, with important environmental, cultural and societal value and chance ( CRC, 2010 ) supplying people with procedures infallible for life such as nutrient, H2O, nicety and diversion. The abundant and diverse scope of wildlife exists in the abundant and diverse scope of good quality home grounds, which are valued and protected by the people. Farming patterns remain largely traditional and do marginal injury to the environment, and husbandmans receive a good income. Restored cover bog shops huge sums of C. The highlands are no perennial regarded as countries of terrible disadvantage but alternatively countries of chance, as alterations in the yesteryear have resulted in the creative activity of many occupations and chances for sustainable concern, ensui ng in a thriving, happy community. The land and all its natural and cultural assets are managed sustainably. insurance and determination devising utilises the bottom-up attack and involves local communities and is antiphonary to altering state of affairss.Top Ten Menu of ActionsAll determinations should be more participatory and area-specificPolicy should non be nescient of local cognition ( FCC, 2010 and CRC, 2010 ) . Alternatively it should take into history the cognition and experience of local people ( FCC, 2010 ) .Policy should be flexible and antiphonal to alter ( CRC, 2010 ) .Management determinations should be made locally ( FCC, 2010 ) .Safeguarding H2O and cut downing inundation hazardPlanting more trees and chaparral to increase the absorbancy of H2O catchments and responsible decrease overgrazing, combustion and land drainage would cut down deluging hazard ( Natural England, 2009 ) .A better apprehension of drainage forms across each river catchment and how land directi on influences them is required ( CRC, 2010 ) .Reducing overgrazing reconstructing firm moorland may serve up to better H2O coloring material ( Natural England, 2009 ) .Improved forest directionMore forest should be planted ( Natural England, 2011 ) .Forests should be more connected to assist wildlife adapt to climate alteration ( Natural England, 2011 ) .Improved grazing directionCroping should be limited to set suited specific countries of land.There should be limited to no croping on protected moorland.Farmers should recognize that nutrient production from farm animal is interlinked with other systems such as H2O quality ( Natural England, 2011 ) .Stocking judge should be decided locally.Education for the populace and for concernsEssential highland services should be recognised by all ( CRC, 2010 ) .Upland instruction programmes and activites should be implemented to enthuse and actuate people ( Natural England, 2011 ) .Promoting green endeavorThe UK has a duty to cut down C e manations ( Guardian.co.uk, 2008 ) . In line with this, green engineerings need to be utilised to their full potency.Bio-energy strategies based on forest biomass should be implemented throughout the highlands to play to upland economic systems and make employment ( CRC, 2010 ) .Renewable energy concerns ( H2O power, solar, wind engineering etc ) should be encouraged ( Natural England, 2011 ) .Support should go available for green endeavor to let the highlands to make its full economic potency ( CRC, 2010 ) .Secured hereafter for farmingAt least one land-based college to present farm direction classs should be in each vicinity ( FCC, 2010 ) . This should assist to guarantee immature people learn the accomplishments necessary for highland agriculture.A alteration in highland policiesA flexible and antiphonal new national scheme that is integrated across sectors, administrative countries and sections should be implemented, based on local cognition and scientific fact ( CRC, 2010 ) . The new national scheme would cut down bureaucratism, duplicates and the inefficiencies present in current policy ( CRC, 2010 ) . This would let the people and concerns of the highlands to better understand how they can protect and surface the highlands ( CRC, 2010 ) .To guarantee effectual carrying out an single accountable to Curates of BIS, CLG, DECC and DEFRA should be appointed ( CRC, 2010 ) .Policies should put out clear aims and marks and the effects should be monitored so feedback can be provided to husbandmans ( FCC, 2010 ) . This will enable them to present better environmental results ( FCC, 2010 ) .Continued preservationAll concerns and substructure should be sited to understate negative impacts on the environment.Existing preservation guidelines should be improved and adhered to.Grouse direction should go on, but be sensitive to preservation, diversion and agriculture demands.Co-operationAll stakeholders in the highlands should be encouraged to co-operate with each ot her to accomplish long term consequences and foolproof support ( Natural England, 2011 ) .DecisionThe uplands face a hereafter of uncertainness, but this provides great chance. With everyone working to back up and heighten the highlands, this vision can be used to assist continue the positive and understate the negative facets of the highlands ( Natural England, 2011 ) .